نشریه نقد ادب معاصر عربی
پیاپی 1 (پاییز و زمستان 1390)

The neo-Romantics of the contemporary Arabic literature (the followers of Europian Romanticism). are among the forerunners who wanted to follow the modern literary changes. The emergence of Romantic Literary School in Arabic poetry is supposed to be the start of a undamental change in Arabic literature.as the start of a drastic change.Although their efforts mostly emphasized the reform of content while relying on two elements of 'veracity of sentiment's and 'organic unity' in poetry; soon after, this change was more and more developed by proponents of modern poetry. In less than half a century, the whole Arabic poetry was gradually affected by this unique change

Mostafa Sadeg Rafaie is one of the intellectuals and great authors who has been renowned for his writings about Islamic and social matters. He is also an accomplished literary critic. While his points of view about literature, poem, and poet have been very novel, some of the researchers believe that Rafaie’s literary critiques are at the lexical level. These points of view originate from his wide understanding of literary subjects and are based on his great knowledge of literary heritages of Arab countries. In this paper, Rafaie’s points of view have been studied in order to show their novelty and the changes which occurred in them throughout his life.

The novel is a prose narrative, an imitation of the reality of human events and scenarios that are written in the form of a plot. Zaynab is the first novel in Arabic in the Twentieth Century. It is the pioneering work of fan fiction written by contemporary standards. Mohammad Hossein Physique This story is written in French. Away from home and started a new civilization of France and French literature is his motives in writing this story. Plot follows the story of rural life in Egypt. Life characters are well described. Language is a simple story and some of the local dialect is used. The straight line is the general time and place, with names such as towns, villages, homes and farms have been used.Too much inconsistency in the description and characterization, particularly about the protagonist in "Hamid" and little understanding of the lives of farmers is novel faults.

Intertextuality is one of the new criticism approaches which studies the relationships between texts. This new approach entirely changed the attitudes toward texts. According to this theory there is no constant text. Texts are the result of some former works or the works that are contemporary whit them. Mahmud Sami Barudi who is the leader of modern Arabic poetry with his going toward Arab classic texts especially poetry of Jaheli, caused modern Arabic poetry revolution in the view point of intertextuality, his going toward poetries of the age of ignorance and ancient Arabic valuable texts, has a beautiful and unique form and confirms this theory that Barudi with his going toward Arabic classic texts, could revive Arabic poetry. When the reader look at these two poetries would found that the claim of Baruodi poetries intertextuality whit the poetry of the jaheli is true.. According to his intertextuality criterions are in the appendin of parallel negation.

Socio-political poetry is considered as one of the strongest and most vibrant currents of contemporary Arab literature. Especially in Iraq, in the wake of increasing oppression of governments and colonial with the aim of the struggle against tyranny and the hope of destroying the roots and causes of social instability was formed. These poems are a reflection of the pain and suffering, struggle and stability, freedom and social problems of various segments of human societies that many poets such as Jamil Sedghi Azahavy are the real Heralds. JamilSedghiAz-zahhavi, the great Iraqi poet, is considered as a famous pioneer of the movement in Iraq. Due to freedom of thought and Forefront progressive action, his Life was distressed. This led to Ottoman suspicion and people anger towards him. He raised the flag of science learning in his community and greatly attempted to set free woman from traditions and constraints in his society and on his way to do so he confronted many defiance’s and critics; but he didn’t give up his struggle and declared his gentle ideas courageously and undoubtedly. This article discusses the poet's social and political views that at first description of his life and then expresses cases Such as education, women's issues and how progress against the backwardness of the community. And has been tried to extract and classify his social and political ideas through his book of poems and determine the orientation of thought in it as much as possible.

Samih alqasem is always recognized as one of the famous resistance poets so that consider him as one of the major resistance three angle sides, that has an important role to image the Palestine disaster. but many views were discussed to change political approaches of resistance to pace, in recent years. Because of every poet as samih alqasem has the specific language, then discover to main manner of them is not got simple. Then we need an special instrument to find the mental style one of the important instrument to realize the poet s hidden layer mind is discourse analysis. This linguistics approach with investigating interpersonal metafunction in one hand and investigating of linguistics basis on another hand try to recognize the poet idea. in this paper we try to investigate interpersonal metafunction and distinguish two samples of poem at before and after the 1967 six- days war. (as one of the effective event on changing the resistance literary).the main purpose of this research is to understand the samih alqasem way, according to available reasons without any attention on different views about changing mental way of him. Political approach of poems has completely changed and this result has been found out based on one approach of discourse analysis. the statistical results shows that war 1967 had an important role in changing the discourse of samih alqasem poems and changing of his political approach.

Ahmad Vaeli was one of the famous speaker and Iraqi Shiite contemporary, revival of Quran, prophet’s character sketch and his believers like Imam Hossein In Islam. Vaeli with virtues of Imam Hossein like honor, generosity, championship, firmly,stability and righteous believed that Imam Hossein has made the people of the world be a fullness and separated the right from vain and not only he is source of inspiring to Muslims but also all of human in revelation against oppression know that His blood will not stand flow forever. Vaeli is one of the poets that connected praise of Imam Hossein with social and political subjects of society and with Husseini Membar had important role in acquaintance of youth. With Husseini his religion poem that has Husseini frame was so effective and suitable with needs of Membar and was accepted by literature and people. His success in speech and religious literature has been using the teachings of epic Hosseini. Charming method and magic explanation has had effect on audience. Two important base of this research are1.Short pass on Vaeli’s poem and introducing the place of his poem.2. Analytical paying on subject with attention to Imam Hossein, Occurrence of Ashra in Vaeli’s poem.